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Wouldn't life be boring if we didn't have a variety of things to stimulate our minds? Too much stimulus, however, can be a problem too - it can actually harm our health. Stress makes itself felt with mental, social, and physical symptoms which include exhaustion, loss of/increased appetite, headaches, crying, sleeplessness, and oversleeping. When stress becomes overwhelming, it prevents us from functioning efficiently. 

Those symptoms are bad enough - some people make stress even more of a problem in their life when they try to escape through alcohol, drugs, or other compulsive behaviors. When people ar eunder stress, they report feelings of alarm, frustration, or apathy. 

Adjusting to college life can be stressful, but making healthy adjustments is part of the experience. It can be an excellent opportunity to learn more about ourselves and how we can handle different situations. Stress Management is the ability to maintain control when situations, people, and events make excessive demands. Truly, this is an important life-skill.

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Recognizing Stress

Short Term Physical Symptoms. The body responds to stress by releasing adrenaline. While this can feel uncomfortable, it is nature's way of getting us ready to quick action. Signs of stress that are felt immediately to a stressful situation include:

bulletFaster heart beat 
bulletIncreased sweating 
bulletCool skin 
bulletCold hands and feet 
bulletFeelings of nausea, or 'Butterflies in stomach'
bulletRapid Breathing 
bulletTense Muscles 
bulletDry Mouth 
bulletA desire to urinate 
bulletDiarrhea 

Short Term Performance Effects. While that shot of adrenaline that our bodies provide can help us in 'fight-or-flight' situations, it can create problems, such as:

bulletIt interferes with clear judgement and makes it difficult to take the time to make good decisions. 
bulletIt can seriously reduce your enjoyment of your work.
bulletWhere you need good physical skills it gets in the way of fine motor control. 
bulletIt causes difficult situations to be seen as a threat, not a challenge. 
bulletIt damages the positive frame of mind you need for high quality work by: 
bulletPromoting negative thinking, 
bulletDamaging self-confidence, 
bulletNarrowing attention, 
bulletDisrupting focus and concentration and 
bulletMaking it difficult to cope with distractions 
bulletIt consumes mental energy in distraction, anxiety, frustration and temper. This is energy that should be devoted to the work in hand. 

Long Term Physical Symptoms. The body's response to stress can have affects over longer periods of time. The adrenaline that is released in the bloodstream, if maintained for long periods of time, can have a negative impact on health. This may show up in the following ways: 

bulletChange in appetite 
bulletFrequent colds 
bulletIllnesses such as: 
bulletAsthma 
bulletBack pain 
bulletDigestive problems 
bulletHeadaches 
bulletSkin eruptions 
bulletSexual disorders 
bulletAches and pains 
bulletFeelings of intense and long-term tiredness 

Internal Symptoms of Long Term Stress. When you are under stress or have been tired for a long period of time you may find that you are less able to think clearly and rationally about problems. This can lead to the following internal emotional 'upsets': 

bulletWorry or anxiety 
bulletConfusion, and an inability to concentrate or make decisions 
bulletFeeling ill 
bulletFeeling out of control or overwhelmed by events 
bulletMood changes
bulletDepression 
bulletFrustration 
bulletHostility 
bulletHelplessness 
bulletImpatience & irritability 
bulletRestlessness 
bulletBeing more lethargic 
bulletDifficulty sleeping 
bulletDrinking more alcohol and smoking more 
bulletChanging eating habits 
bulletReduced sex drive 
bulletRelying more on medication 

Behavioral Symptoms of Long Term Stress. When you or other people are under pressure, this can show as: 

bulletTalking too fast or too loud 
bulletYawning 
bulletFiddling and twitching, nail biting, grinding teeth, drumming fingers, pacing, etc. 
bulletBad moods: 
bulletBeing irritable 
bulletDefensiveness 
bulletBeing critical 
bulletAggression 
bulletIrrationality 
bulletOverreaction and reacting emotionally 
bulletReduced personal effectiveness
bulletBeing unreasonably negative 
bulletMaking less realistic judgments 
bulletBeing unable to concentrate and having difficulty making decisions 
bulletBeing more forgetful 
bulletMaking more mistakes 
bulletBeing more accident prone 
bulletChanging work habits 
bulletIncreased absenteeism 
bulletNeglect of personal appearance 

We all feel stress from time to time. Most people that read these lists of short term and long term symptoms will be able to recognize and identify with a few of them. That is not a cause for alarm. 

A person that recognizes many of the symptoms, however, might benefit from looking at stress management techniques, especially if they are experiencing change in their lives. 

Adapted from, The Book of Stress Survival:
How to Relax and Live Positively by Alix Kirsta
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Managing Stress

When people are faced with situations that require change, many experience stress. Stress can be good - it is a normal response to situations that can be threatening. Stress that overwhelms or causes negative feelings can prevent us from doing things we want or need to do. 

In many ways, we create stress by the way we look at situations. Feeling "stressed-out} is a result of how we interpret a situation. Different people can look at the same situation and have very different levels of stress. For example, getting an "F" on a quiz is likely to upset most students. 

Some might interpret this as an "early warning" that it is time to change their study habits - probably a positive reaction. Others might see this failure as a devastating setback of their dreams and ambitions. Clearly, this second response can be a problem.

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College Stress

An education changes a person in many ways - change can cause stress. Part of the value of a college education is learning to handle and succeed when given constant challenges and demands to meet higher expectations. These are important life-skills and represent an important aspect of a good education. 

Students are not only challenged in class, however, the college experience is also about "finding yourself," developing independence, responsibility for our lives, acceptance from peers, exposure and acceptance of the different values of others, and even intimate relationships. 

During their college years students experience constant challenge and demand for adjustment and change. Along with academic pressures, students are seeking independence and autonomy from their parents and responsibility for themselves, acceptance from their peers in a world of mixed values, and more intimate relationships. 

Of particular concern to many students is "test anxiety" -- the brain's reduced ability to process information while under severe stress.  One of the most effective ways to deal with stress is to turn to and share the burden with others that care about you - developing and using a support system to cope. Most students, however, are away from "home" and their families. 

Not only can the college experience itself create stress; many will need to develop new support systems and techniques to manage that stress.  Learning how to cope with stress and turn it into power and purpose will be a valuable skill.

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Effects of Stress

Stress can affect us physically, emotionally, behaviorally and mentally. 

bulletPhysical. Adrenalin is released into the bloodstream. The heart rate and respiration increases. Muscles become tense.
bulletEmotional. Many feel irritability, anxiety, irritability, depression or sadness, or even exhilaration and extreme happiness.
bulletBehavioral. Some experience stress as a loss of physical coordination and control, loose sleep, or act irrationally. 
bulletMentally. Stress can also reduce one's ability to concentrate, process and store information in memory, and solve mental problems. 
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Dealing With Stress

Perhaps the first step in learning to cope with stress is to remember that it is a necessary part of life. It cannot be eliminated - we need some stress in our lives to conquer challenges and to grow

Getting the most out of college means learning to deal effectively with stress by applying physical, behavioral and cognitive coping strategies. There are many different ways to accomplish this - lets look at some general principles:

Physical Strategies. This starts with learning to relax. With relaxation training, offered by many university health and counseling services, students learn to balance stress responses and while enhancing their ability to think clearly. Another technique for relaxing is meditation. Often, we can balance stress in our lives by simply maintaining regular exercise, eating properly, and getting an adequate amount of sleep. Some students are shy about getting involved with student health services - try to take advantage of as many on-campus resources as possible. 

Behavioral Strategies. How we act and react can influence our perceptions of stress. Learning to efficiently manage time is a great way to start dealing with stress. Make and maintain a schedule of available time, assignments, work hours, social commitments, and every other activity of the day.  Then, determine priorities among the things that are to be accomplished on the schedule. Many of us can avoid stress altogether if we effectively use our time. The key is to establish realistic and achievable goals and create balance between academic, work, and social demands and activities.

Attitude Adjustment. Physical and behavioral strategies are important, but it is also important to developing healthy thoughts and beliefs about stress. Keeping situations in their proper perspective can alleviate many stressful situations. Sometimes, what first appears to be a threatening situation is not really as bad as it seems. It can be helpful to ask yourself, "What is the worst that could happen?" Deciding what it will take to live a meaningful life can help keep things in perspective. If we are being honest with ourselves, most of the time "worst case" is something that we can work to overcome. For some, it can be helpful to clarify what one wants out of life and to re-examine choices we are making. 

Talk About Stress. Often, the most effective way to deal with stress is to discuss the problem with a friend or counselor. This can be especially important when getting started with a stress management plan. Just speaking your mind is sure to help and the dialog with another person will provide valuable insight to the situation. Don't be afraid to start this important stress management technique with a professional counselor - learning to talk through problems is an important life-skill. 

Relaxation Techniques. Stress and relaxation are essential opposites. Anything we can do to calm down will tend to make us feel better about a stressful situation. Different things work for different people. Some techniques are as simple as finding humor or listening to soft music. Practicing a musical instrument, meditation, deep muscle relaxation, visualization, and even hypnosis are all ideas that work for some people. 

Remember, stress is caused by events affect us - often, beyond our control. It isn't actually the event itself, however, that causes the stress. It's the how we look at the stressful event. 

People are powerless over their emotions, but we can change how we feel about things by change the way we act and think. Creating a new understanding about a situation can eliminate stress. Being able to honestly say we have done everything that is within our control to help the situation can also help. 

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Tips For Reducing Stress

Learn To Plan. Disorganization can breed stress. Having too many projects going simultaneously often leads to confusion, forgetfulness, and the sense that uncompleted projects are hanging over your head. When possible, take on projects one at a time and work on them until completed.

Recognize And Accept Limits. Most of us set unreasonable and perfectionistic goals for ourselves. We can never be perfect, so we often have a sense of failure or inadequacy no matter how well we perform. Set achievable goals for yourself. 

Learn To Play. You need occasionally to escape from the pressures of life and have fun. Find pastimes which are absorbing and enjoyable to you no matter what your level of ability is. 

Be A Positive Person. Avoid Criticizing Others. Learn to praise the things you like in others. Focus upon the good qualities those around you possess. Be sure to give yourself credit and appreciate your own good qualities, as well. 

Learn To Tolerate And Forgive. Intolerance of others leads to frustration and anger. An attempt to really understand the way other people feel can make you more accepting of them. Accept and forgive yourself also. 

Avoid Unnecessary Competition. There are many competitive situations in life that we can't avoid. Too much concern with winning in too many areas of life can create excessive tension and anxiety, and make us unnecessarily aggressive. 

Get Regular Physical Exercise. Check with your physician before beginning any exercise program. You will be more likely to stay with an exercise program if you choose one that you really enjoy rather than one that feels like pure hard work and drudgery. 

Learn A Systematic, Drug-Free Method Of Relaxing. Meditation, yoga, or any of a variety of relaxation techniques can be learned from various accredited teachers and licensed psychotherapists.

Talk Out Your Troubles. Find a friend, member of the clergy, faculty member, counselor, or psycho-therapist you can be open with. Expressing your "bottled up" tension to a sympathetic ear can be incredibly helpful. 

Change Your Thinking. How we feel emotionally often depends on our outlook or philosophy of life. Changing one's beliefs is a difficult and painstaking process. There is little practical wisdom in the modern world to guide us through our lives. No one has all the answers, but some answers are available.

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More On Stress

Anxiety Disorders

College Drinking

College Students & Stress

How To Deal With Stress

Online Screening for Mental Health

Psychology of Daily Life

Self-Help Resources

Self-Help Resources II  

Unabridged Student Counseling Virtual Pamphlet Collection

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